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During the past century, the average global temperature has risen


A) 0.7C
B) 1.5C
C) 3.5C
D) 5.5C
E) 10.5C

F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

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During El Niño events,


A) Australia experiences drought.
B) western North America experiences drought.
C) Canada and Alaska are cooler than average.
D) populations of anchovies and seabirds increase along the South American coast.
E) primary production increases around the Galápagos Islands.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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The 1987 Montreal Protocol was an agreement to limit human production of


A) carbon dioxide.
B) nitrate.
C) PCBs.
D) lead paint.
E) chlorofluorocarbons.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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The nation containing the largest fraction of the world's tropical rain forest is


A) Congo.
B) Brazil.
C) Mexico.
D) The United States.
E) Indonesia.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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The reduction in atmospheric 14C/12C ratio associated with fossil fuel combustion is known as the ____________.

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A carbon dioxide concentration record from the Vostok ice core indicates


A) little change in atmospheric CO2 concentration before the Industrial Revolution.
B) dramatic increases in atmospheric CO2 associated with ice ages.
C) dramatic increases in atmospheric CO2 associated with interglacials.
D) dramatic changes in atmospheric CO2, but no obvious association with the glacial/interglacial cycle.
E) an inverse correlation between atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature.

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

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Periodic increases and decreases in red kangaroo populations in Australia are associated with


A) predator-driven population cycles.
B) parasite population cycles.
C) sunspot cycles.
D) the El Niño - Southern Oscillation.
E) None of the choices are correct.

F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

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Before life evolved on Earth, the atmosphere


A) had much higher concentrations of oxygen.
B) had much lower concentrations of carbon dioxide.
C) was more or less the same as it is now.
D) had much lower concentrations of oxygen.
E) had much lower concentrations of hydrogen.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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During El Niño events, coastal populations of anchovies and sardines


A) flourish as seabird populations decline.
B) decline as sea lion populations flourish.
C) flourish as sea lion populations decline.
D) decline as phytoplankton populations decline.
E) flourish as phytoplankton populations flourish.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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