Question 1

Which book by the baron de Montesquieu is considered the first major work in the French Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Spirit of Laws
B)  The Persian Letters
C)  On Crimes and Punishments
D)  An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of NationsE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late eighteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prussia, Russia, and Austria
B)  The Ottoman Empire, Russia, and Prussia
C)  Sweden, Prussia, and Russia
D)  Sweden, Saxony, and AustriaE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

To what extent can Frederick the Great be considered a practitioner of enlightened absolutism?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include: Frederick ...

Question 4

To improve the rural economy and the lives of peasants, Empress Maria Theresa of Austria

Accepted Answer

A)  increased church influence on the agricultural population.
B)  ordered the adoption of scientific farming techniques.
C)  abolished serfdom.
D)  reduced nobles' power over their serfs.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Who was Denis Diderot's co-editor of the Encyclopedia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Voltaire
B)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C)  Pierre Bayle
D)  Jean le Rond d'AlembertE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tycho Brahe and Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as

Accepted Answer

A)  dualism.
B)  empiricism.
C)  naturalism.
D)  materialism.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

"Weep, wretched natives of Tahiti, weep. But let it be for the coming and not the leaving of these ambitious, wicked men. One day you will know them better. One day they will come back, bearing in one hand the piece of wood you see in that man's belt, and, in the other, the sword hanging by the side of that one, to enslave you, slaughter you, or make you captive to their follies and vices. One day you will be subject to them, as corrupt, vile and miserable as they are." This selection from Denis Diderot's "Supplement to Bougainville's Voyage" (Evaluating the Evidence 16.3)  reflects his belief that

Accepted Answer

A)  European exploration was a prelude to violent conquest.
B)  European exploration was a form of cultural exchange.
C)  European exploration did more good than harm.
D)  European exploration was motivated primarily by religious zeal.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Who was the author of On Crimes and Punishments, a passionate plea for the reform of the penal system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adam Smith
B)  Immanuel Kant
C)  Benjamin Franklin
D)  Cesare BeccariaE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

According to Map 16.1: The Partition of Poland, 1772-1795, which power or powers participated in the partition of 1793?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prussia and Austria
B)  Prussia, Russia, and Austria
C)  Austria
D)  Prussia and RussiaE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

The Scientific Revolution transformed the way Europeans perceived the world. Discuss this change in detail.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include: Students s...

Question 11

How did the idea of "race" transform Europeans' idea of their superiority over other peoples?

Accepted Answer

A)  European superiority was increasingly defined as culturally superior as well as religiously superior.
B)  European superiority was increasingly defined as biologically superior as well as culturally superior.
C)  European superiority was increasingly defined as culturally superior rather than religiously superior.
D)  European superiority was increasingly defined as religiously superior rather than biologically superior.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

How did Enlightenment thinkers differ from those of the Middle Ages and Renaissance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enlightenment thinkers rejected the basic tenants of Christianity and embraced a vision of a world without God.
B)  Enlightenment thinkers drew inspiration from classical antiquity, whereas the Middle Ages and Renaissance focused on the Bible.
C)  Enlightenment thinkers relished artistic production, while the Middles Ages and Renaissance focused on penance and prayer.
D)  Enlightenment thinkers believed that their era had surpassed antiquity, which demonstrated the possibility of human progress.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Soft pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits are all characteristics of the style known as

Accepted Answer

A)  classicalism.
B)  baroque.
C)  rococo.
D)  romanticism.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

In Historical and Critical Dictionary, Pierre Bayle demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  the Bible was a fraudulent document promoted by the Catholic Church.
B)  the mind and body are united into one substance.
C)  all knowledge can be questioned and doubted.
D)  human beliefs are unified in their singular origins from God.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 15

In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government?

Accepted Answer

A)  He believed in democracy, like most philosophes.
B)  He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for in government.
C)  He saw the despot or autocrat as designated by God.
D)  He believed in enlightened despotism as long as he could be the despot.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

"The single thread winded off the pod in the same manner as that of the common silk-worm; seeming in all respects as fine, and as tough. I doubled this thread so often as to contain twenty in thickness; and the compound thread was as smooth, as elastic, and as glossy, as that of the common silk-worm. I tried what weight it would bear; and it bore fifteen ounces and a half, and broke with somewhat less than sixteen, upon several trials. . . ." Based on this excerpt, the presentation by the Reverend Samuel Pullein to the Royal Society of England regarding "An Account of a Particular Species of Cocoon, or Silk-Pod, from America" (Evaluating the Evidence 16.2)  is best characterized as

Accepted Answer

A)  an unscientific report by an enthusiastic amateur.
B)  an attempt to persuade the Royal Society to fund a commercial enterprise.
C)  a careful investigation of the silk pod and whether it might serve as a source of silk.
D)  an effort to inject religious concerns into scientific discussions.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

What helped to justify the growth of slavery in the eighteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  The defense of social inequalities between men and women by certain philosophes
B)  The bureaucratic reforms of practitioners of enlightened absolutism
C)  The emergence of scientific racism
D)  The common philosophical belief that the masses were like children in need of firm guidanceE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

The concept of the reading revolution refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition of literacy by the masses.
B)  spread of literacy among women.
C)  invention of the printing press.
D)  shift from reading religious texts aloud as a family to reading diverse texts individually.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

"Although the most well-known Enlightenment thinkers today are the French philosophes, the roots of the Enlightenment were in England as much as in France." Make an argument to support this proposition.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include: Students s...

Question 20

Voltaire saw Confucianism as

Accepted Answer

A)  a natural religion.
B)  a justification for despotism.
C)  a collection of silly superstitions.
D)  almost identical to Christianity.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Exam 16: Toward a New Worldview 1540-1789

In Historical and Critical Dictionary, Pierre Bayle demonstrated that

Correct Answer
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"Although the most well-known Enlightenment thinkers today are the French philosophes, the roots of the Enlightenment were in England as much as in France." Make an argument to support this proposition.

Correct Answer
verified
Answer would ideally include: Students s...
View Answer

The concept of the reading revolution refers to the

Correct Answer
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According to Map 16.1: The Partition of Poland, 1772-1795, which power or powers participated in the partition of 1793?

Correct Answer
verified

Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late eighteenth century?

Correct Answer
verified

The Scientific Revolution transformed the way Europeans perceived the world. Discuss this change in detail.

Correct Answer
verified
Answer would ideally include: Students s...
View Answer

Which book by the baron de Montesquieu is considered the first major work in the French Enlightenment?

Correct Answer
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To what extent can Frederick the Great be considered a practitioner of enlightened absolutism?

Correct Answer
verified
Answer would ideally include: Frederick ...
View Answer

What helped to justify the growth of slavery in the eighteenth century?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Who was Denis Diderot's co-editor of the Encyclopedia?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Soft pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits are all characteristics of the style known as

Correct Answer
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How did the idea of "race" transform Europeans' idea of their superiority over other peoples?

Correct Answer
verified

How did Enlightenment thinkers differ from those of the Middle Ages and Renaissance?

Correct Answer
verified

Who was the author of On Crimes and Punishments, a passionate plea for the reform of the penal system?

Correct Answer
verified

To improve the rural economy and the lives of peasants, Empress Maria Theresa of Austria

Correct Answer
verified

Voltaire saw Confucianism as

Correct Answer
verified

In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government?

Correct Answer
verified

Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tycho Brahe and Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 16: Toward a New Worldview 1540-1789

In Historical and Critical Dictionary, Pierre Bayle demonstrated that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Although the most well-known Enlightenment thinkers today are the French philosophes, the roots of the Enlightenment were in England as much as in France." Make an argument to support this proposition.

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswer would ideally include: Students s...View AnswerShow Answer

The concept of the reading revolution refers to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Map 16.1: The Partition of Poland, 1772-1795, which power or powers participated in the partition of 1793?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late eighteenth century?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Scientific Revolution transformed the way Europeans perceived the world. Discuss this change in detail.

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswer would ideally include: Students s...View AnswerShow Answer

Which book by the baron de Montesquieu is considered the first major work in the French Enlightenment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To what extent can Frederick the Great be considered a practitioner of enlightened absolutism?

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswer would ideally include: Frederick ...View AnswerShow Answer

What helped to justify the growth of slavery in the eighteenth century?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who was Denis Diderot's co-editor of the Encyclopedia?

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Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Soft pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits are all characteristics of the style known as

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How did the idea of "race" transform Europeans' idea of their superiority over other peoples?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did Enlightenment thinkers differ from those of the Middle Ages and Renaissance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who was the author of On Crimes and Punishments, a passionate plea for the reform of the penal system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To improve the rural economy and the lives of peasants, Empress Maria Theresa of Austria

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Voltaire saw Confucianism as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government?

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Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tycho Brahe and Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Answer would ideally include: Students s...
View Answer

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Answer would ideally include: Students s...
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Answer would ideally include: Frederick ...
View Answer

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