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Exam 15: Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

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Question 121

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Gel electrophoresis

A) causes DNA fragments to be led through the gel toward the negative end of the field.
B) causes larger DNA fragments to move more quickly through the gel than smaller DNA fragments.
C) is used to identify and isolate DNA fragments.
D) is required for PCR reactions.
E) is used in allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Question 122

Multiple Choice

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Incidences of most forms of cancer increase with age.Which of the following explanations is most plausible?

A) Cancer is not a genetic disease.
B) Cancer involves reciprocal translocations.
C) Cancer usually requires several somatic mutations.
D) Cancer involves expanding triplet repeats.
E) Cancer involves deletions of different lengths.

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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Question 123

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Genetic screening of a child with symptoms of developmental delays reveals an abnormal karyotype: all of the child's cells have an extra chromosome.Most likely the chromosomal mutation that lead to this error was _______ during the meiotic division that generated a gamete from one of the child's parents.

The gene order for one chromosome is A, B, C, D, E.A homologous chromosome has the gene order A, D, C, B, E.These chromosomes differ by a(n) _______.

As commonly practiced in the developed world today, doctors screening for PKU infer the disease is present if the newborn has

People who are prediabetic and make too little insulin are often encouraged to limit their intake of sugar.This is an example of disease treatment that involves restricting the _______.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is usually caused by the oncogene BCR/ABL.This abnormal gene is the product of the fusion of part of a BCR gene with part of an ABL gene.The resulting protein has unregulated tyrosine kinase activity.The BCR and ABL genes are normally found on two different chromosomes, respectively 22 and 9.What type of mutation is required to generate the BCR/ABL fusion gene?

In flies, Mariner is a stretch of DNA that is a few thousand base pairs long.Mariner contains genes that enable it to copy itself and then insert itself in various places in the genome.Mariner is thus a(n) _______.

The disease PKU results from abnormalities in the enzyme _______.

Changes in the tautomer state of nucleotides will most often lead to

During DNA replication, DNA polymerase inserts a T opposite a G, thereby introducing a(n) _______ mutation.

A medical researcher finds a high incidence of covalent bonds between thymine and other nucleotides in the DNA of skin cells of a patient.The most likely cause is

People with PKU often have too much of the amino acid _______ and too little of the amino acid _______.

Suppose that for a certain gene, nearly 100 percent of the normal level of expression is required to produce the normal phenotype.Based on this requirement, one could predict that a _______ mutation would be _______.

Current treatments for human genetic diseases include all of the following except

Refer to the figure. Through the use of linkage analysis, a researcher has identified a candidate gene responsible for a novel neurological disease.To obtain enough sample for DNA fingerprinting, the researcher uses PCR to amplify the gene.From the parent's DNA, PCR amplifies one band.From the child's DNA, the same size band plus a second larger band is amplified.Based on the published sequence of the gene, the researcher knows that restriction enzyme A will cut the wild-type allele into two fragments.The fragment sizes identified by DNA gel electrophoresis are shown in the figure.From this information one can infer that one of the child's alleles probably has one or more _______ mutation(s) .

Some bacteria use _______ enzymes as a defense mechanism; these enzymes cut up foreign DNA.

Refer to the chart of the genetic code. Given the codon CUU, would any mutations in the third position result in a missense mutation? Explain.If there would be any changes, name them.

Individuals with PKU should have a diet that is low in

The most widely used treatment for PKU consists of