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Concerning international lending risk,country risk refers to the risk that part or all of the interest or principal of a loan will not be repaid.

A) True
B) False

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In the market for British Pounds the demand is represented by D0 and supply by S0.If the exchange rate is flexible and the demand for pounds increases to D1,US monetary authorities will need to


A) supply 8 million pounds to the market
B) supply 4 million pounds to the market
C) supply 2 million pounds to the market
D) do nothing

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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There exists a direct relationship between the degree of exchange rate flexibility and the need for international reserves.

A) True
B) False

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A dollar shortage would indicate that the dollar is:


A) Undervalued in international markets
B) Overvalued in international markets
C) Overvalued in terms of gold
D) Overvalued in terms of special drawing rights

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following is not considered a "borrowed" reserve?


A) Special drawing rights
B) Oil facility
C) IMF drawings
D) Reciprocal currency arrangement

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Swap arrangements are bilateral agreements between central banks to allow countries to temporarily borrow funds to ease current-account deficits and discourage speculative capital flows.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Which indicator of international debt burden schedules interest and principal payments on long-term debt as a percent of export earnings?


A) Debt service ratio
B) Debt-to-export ratio
C) Ratio of external debt to gross domestic product
D) Ratio of external debt to gross national product

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Are international reserve needs different for different exchange rate regimes?

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The need for international reserves tend...

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Created by the International Monetary Fund,special drawing rights (SDRs)are unconditional rights to draw currencies of other nations,thus enabling countries to finance their current-account deficits.

A) True
B) False

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When exchange rates are fixed by central bankers,the need for international reserves disappears.

A) True
B) False

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"Owned" international reserves consist of:


A) Special drawing rights
B) Oil facility
C) IMF drawings
D) Reciprocal currency arrangements

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Most analysts feel that the financial difficulties in East Asia were triggered by


A) Misallocation of investment
B) Unavailability of cheap foreign labor
C) Lack of alignment of the exchange rate with the dollar
D) Surpluses in the trade accounts of the Asian countries

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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When granting loans to financially troubled nations,the International Monetary Fund requires some degree of conditionality,meaning that the borrowing nation must agree to implement economic policies as mandated by the IMF.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Because the value of the SDR is tied directly to the value of the U.S.dollar,a 10 percent dollar depreciation would result in a 10 percent decrease in the SDR's value.

A) True
B) False

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False

Bilateral agreements between central banks,which provide for an exchange of currencies to help finance temporary balance-of-payments disequilibriums,are referred to as:


A) IMF drawings
B) Special drawing rights
C) Buffer stock facility
D) Swap agreements

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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D

The demand for international reserves tend to increase with the level of world income and trade activity.

A) True
B) False

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True

For developing countries such as Mexico and Brazil,severe economic problems in the 1980s were caused by:


A) A fall in the world demand for products produced by developing countries
B) High prices of basic raw materials and other commodities
C) Low real interest rates in the United States
D) High levels of income and imports for the United States

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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A debt-equity swap results in a trade surplus nation forgiving the loans made to a trade-deficit nation.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Which organization is largely intended to make long-term reconstruction loans to developing nations?


A) Export-Import Bank
B) World Bank
C) International Monetary Fund
D) United Nations

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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The International Monetary Fund has sometimes demanded that financially-troubled nations,that borrow from the IMF,undergo austerity programs including slashing of public spending and private consumption.

A) True
B) False

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