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Exam 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

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Question 1

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All of the following are strategies to improve young children's literacy EXCEPT:

A) Use books to initiate conversation
B) Use what and why questions
C) Discourage question asking during reading
D) Choose books that play with language

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Question 2

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Four-year-old Nathan is good at stacking his playing blocks to make tall structures.However,he still knocks them over occasionally.Which of the following is the most likely reason for this?

A) His gross motor skills are deficient.
B) He tries to place each block perfectly on top of the other,upsetting those already stacked.
C) His coordination skills are not developing normally for his age.
D) He is showing signs of dyslexia.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Question 3

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While talking with his grandmother on the phone,5-year-old Danny suddenly exclaims,"Oh,look at that pretty bird!" When his grandmother asks him to describe the bird,Danny says,"Out there,out there! Right there,Grandma!" He finally gets frustrated and hangs up.This is an example of:

Briefly describe the two substages of preoperational thought.Provide an example of children's thinking at each stage.

Difficulties children with autism face in developing a theory of mind include all of the following EXCEPT:

Deaths in young children due to HIV/AIDS especially occur in countries:

Which of the following was cited by Zigler and his colleagues supporting universal preschool in the United States?

When adults are working with young children,they often provide a lot of hints,assistance,instructions,and other support to help the children succeed.As the children demonstrate they can do more for themselves,the adults begin to withdraw these supports.This shows the adults' involvement in the children's:

Three-and-a-half-year-old Ruth draws a picture with lavender,purple,and blue colors intermixed with green,yellow,and brown."It's a boat on the ocean at sunset,with whales jumping all around it!" she explains to her teacher.Which of the following does this explain?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,a person with a BMI at the 90thpercentile is:

During the _____ substage,children begin to use language more effectively and engage in pretend play.

Vygotsky believed that children construct knowledge through:

Several operations,such as inhibition and planning,which are important for flexible,future-oriented behavior and may also be connected to theory of mind development,are known as:

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is known as:

Sustained attention or vigilance increases the most during:

Which of the following BEST describes the relation between centration and conservation?

In Central European countries such as Hungary,kindergarten children participate in exercises designed to improve their _____.An eye-contact exercise,in which the teacher sits in the center of a circle of children and each child is required to catch the teacher's eye before being permitted to leave the group,is an example of an exercise to improve _____.

Juan and his little sister,Anne,are each given a large cookie.Their mother breaks Anne's cookie into four pieces to help her eat it more easily.Juan immediately begins to cry and says that it is not fair for his sister to get so many cookies when he only has one.Juan is showing a lack of:

Which of the following can be modified to create conditions that enhance the child's safety and reduce the likelihood of injury?

After a while self-talk becomes second nature to children,and they can act without verbalizing,thus creating a form of _____ which becomes their thoughts.