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Explicit costs


A) do not require an outlay of money by the firm.
B) enter into the accountant's measurement of a firm's profit.
C) enter into the economist's measurement of a firm's profit.
D) Both b and c are correct.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Anna borrows $5,000 from a bank and withdraws $1,000 from her personal savings to start a coffee shop. The interest rate is 5 percent for both the bank loan and her personal savings. Her opportunity cost of capital is $250.

A) True
B) False

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Economies of scale occur when a firm's


A) marginal costs are constant as output increases.
B) long-run average total costs are decreasing as output increases.
C) long-run average total costs are increasing as output increases.
D) marginal costs are equal to average total costs for all levels of output.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Katherine gives piano lessons for $15 per hour. She also grows flowers, which she arranges and sells at the local farmer's market. One day she spends 5 hours planting $50 worth of seeds in her garden. Once the seeds have grown into flowers, she can sell them for $150 at the farmer's market. Katherine's accounting profits are


A) $100, and her economic profits are $25.
B) $100, and her economic profits are $75.
C) $25, and her economic profits are $100.
D) $75, and her economic profits are $125.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The marginal-cost curve intersects the average-total-cost curve at the minimum point of the marginal-cost curve.

A) True
B) False

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Economists and accountants usually disagree on the inclusion of implicit costs into the cost analysis of a firm.

A) True
B) False

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When a firm experiences constant returns to scale,


A) long-run average total cost is unchanged, even when output increases.
B) long-run marginal cost is greater than long-run average total cost.
C) long-run marginal cost is less than long-run average total cost.
D) the firm is likely to experience coordination problems.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Table 13-19 Table 13-19    -Refer to Table 13-19. What is the shape of the marginal-cost curve? -Refer to Table 13-19. What is the shape of the marginal-cost curve?

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MC = change in TC/change in Q, so althou...

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Table 13-19 Table 13-19    -Refer to Table 13-19. What is the shape of this firm's total­cost curve? -Refer to Table 13-19. What is the shape of this firm's total­cost curve?

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This firm's total­cost curve would be in...

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Billy's Bean Bag Emporium produced 300 bean bag chairs but sold only 275 of the units it produced. The average cost of production for each unit of output produced was $100. The price for each of the 275 units sold was $95. Total profit for Billy's Bean Bag Emporium would be


A) -$3,875.
B) $26,125.
C) $28,500.
D) $30,000.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Average variable cost is equal to total variable cost divided by quantity of output.

A) True
B) False

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Scenario 13-10 Jessica makes photo frames. She spends $5 on the materials for each photo frame. She can create one photo frame in an hour. She earns $10 per hour at a part-time job at the local coffee shop. She can sell a photo frame for $30 each. -Refer to Scenario 13-10. An accountant would calculate the total profit for one photo frame to be


A) $10.
B) $15.
C) $20.
D) $25.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A firm that wants to achieve economies of scale could do so by


A) assigning limited tasks to its employees, so they can master those tasks.
B) employing a smaller number of workers.
C) producing a smaller quantity of output.
D) producing an output level higher than the efficient scale.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Figure 13-10 Figure 13-10   -Refer to Figure 13-10. The firm experiences constant returns to scale if it changes its level of output from A)  Q1 to Q2. B)  Q2 to Q4. C)  Q1 to Q3. D)  Q4 to Q5. -Refer to Figure 13-10. The firm experiences constant returns to scale if it changes its level of output from


A) Q1 to Q2.
B) Q2 to Q4.
C) Q1 to Q3.
D) Q4 to Q5.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Scenario 13-13 Christine is an artist who creates custom cookie jars. Her annual revenue from selling the cookie jars is $90,000. The annual explicit costs of the materials used to make the cookie jars are $54,000. -Refer to Scenario 13-13. Christine used $5,000 from her personal savings account to buy pottery tools for her business. The savings account paid 1% annual interest. Christine could earn $6,000 per year as a tax preparer. What is the annual economic profit of her cookie jar business?


A) $36,000
B) $35,950
C) $30,000
D) $29,950

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Table 13-16 Listed in the table are the long-run total costs for three different firms. Table 13-16 Listed in the table are the long-run total costs for three different firms.    -Refer to Table 13-16. Which firm is experiencing constant returns to scale? A)  Firm A only B)  Firm B only C)  Firm C only D)  Firm A and Firm B only -Refer to Table 13-16. Which firm is experiencing constant returns to scale?


A) Firm A only
B) Firm B only
C) Firm C only
D) Firm A and Firm B only

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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One assumption that distinguishes short-run cost analysis from long-run cost analysis for a profit-maximizing firm is that in the short run,


A) output is not variable.
B) the number of workers used to produce the firm's product is fixed.
C) the size of the factory is fixed.
D) there are no fixed costs.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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To an economist, the field of industrial organization answers which of the following questions?


A) Why are consumers subject to the law of demand?
B) Why do firms experience diminishing marginal productivities of their inputs?
C) How does the number of firms affect prices and the efficiency of market outcomes?
D) How can government intervention improve industrial production when externalities are present?

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Constant returns to scale occur when the firm's long­run


A) total costs are constant as output increases.
B) average total costs are constant as output increases.
C) average cost curve is falling as output increases.
D) average cost curve is rising as output increases.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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If a firm produces nothing, it still incurs its fixed costs.

A) True
B) False

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