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Social desirability bias could lead to a higher rate of item nonresponse.

A) True
B) False

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The difference between the estimated and actual value of a variable for three cases were as follows: -3, +9, +2. What type of error do these differences suggest?


A) bias
B) measurement error
C) random error
D) variance

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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What does the term "matching" mean in case-control studies?


A) pairing a case with a control based on similarity of one variable
B) sampling as many controls as the number of cases of interest
C) taking a preset number of cases with presence of a risk factor
D) selecting a fixed set of control units determined by the analyst

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Peter was unable to respond to a survey due to a health condition. John, his colleague, filled-out the survey in his place, in the best way that he could. What is this phenomenon called?


A) biased response
B) proxy reporting
C) reporting error
D) absentee response

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Describe the three types of bias that could occur in research studies, with the help of an example each.

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Answered by ExamLex AI

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The three types of bias that could occur...

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What is a cross-sectional study?


A) a study with data collected at one time point
B) a research study of data for several time periods
C) a study comparing variables with each other
D) a research study of several themes or subtopics

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which are the nonprobability methods of sampling?


A) case-control and availability
B) convenience, quota, and case-control
C) availability, stratified, and quota
D) cluster, convenience, and quota

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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A measurement bias could occur regardless of the type of research study.

A) True
B) False

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