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Exam 29: Principles of Pharmacology

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Question 1

Short Answer

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____________________ is the difference between the amount administered and the amount that is bound and unavailable for use.

Correct Answer

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Bioavailability

Question 2

Multiple Choice

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Widespread experimentation with new formulas in order to create new remedies heralded the dawn of ____, the study of drugs.

A) pharmacology
B) anatomy
C) toxicology
D) epidemiology

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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A

Question 3

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In Phase II drug trails, a pharmacologic evaluation has to be performed on the drug to determine modes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in normal healthy human volunteers.

Natural salts and minerals have also been used for centuries for their medicinal qualities.

The gum of a plant, sometimes called its resin, is actually a complex sugar, a polysaccharide, that when moistened becomes a gelatinous material.

Hippocrates identified the humours of the body were red blood, white phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile, each representing the fundamental elements of air, water, fire, and earth.

Off-label use often occurs when a generic drug, which is no longer protected by patent, is used for a new indication.

The ____ made it illegal to obtain "narcotics" (e.g., morphine) without a prescription.

____________________ are unwanted biological responses to a drug, which are not harmful, adverse drug effects.

____________________ are made by boiling water over the top of the herbs and immediately drawing off the solution.

To distinguish a patented drug, manufacturers assign a unique name, called the ____ name.

The public, in an effort to lower healthcare costs, have increasingly been self-diagnosing, self-prescribing, and self-administering OTC medicine.

Sometimes a drug creates an unwanted or harmful biological response and the subsequent negative impact upon the patient's health is an ____.

____________________ are nitrogenous chemicals which are alkaline in nature and often chemically combined with acids to create water-soluble salts, such as morphine sulfate or atropine sulfate.

In an effort to protect the public from false advertising and adulterated medicine, Congress enacted the ____.

New drugs are typically ____, ensuring the manufacturer exclusive dominion over the drug for a specified period of time.

The liver's actions upon certain drugs, called bypass metabolism, can markedly reduce the amount of active drug available for the target organ when it reaches the systemic circulation.

The ____________________ is used as a symbol of medicine.

Cold maceration involves bringing water to a boil then steeping the herbs like one would a teabag and drinking the resulting solution.

When pharmacy was in its infancy, most medications came from ____.