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Variable cost divided by quantity produced is


A) average total cost.
B) marginal cost.
C) profit.
D) None of the above is correct.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Economies of scale occur when


A) long-run average total costs rise as output increases.
B) long-run average total costs fall as output increases.
C) average fixed costs are falling.
D) average fixed costs are constant.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Table 13-11 Teacher's Helper is a small company that has a subcontract to produce instructional materials for disabled children in public school districts. The owner rents several small rooms in an office building in the suburbs for $600 a month and has leased computer equipment that costs $480 a month. Table 13-11 Teacher's Helper is a small company that has a subcontract to produce instructional materials for disabled children in public school districts. The owner rents several small rooms in an office building in the suburbs for $600 a month and has leased computer equipment that costs $480 a month.    -Refer to Table 13-11.What is the average fixed cost for the month if 9 instructional modules are produced? A)  $108.00 B)  $120.00 C)  $150.00 D)  $811.11 -Refer to Table 13-11.What is the average fixed cost for the month if 9 instructional modules are produced?


A) $108.00
B) $120.00
C) $150.00
D) $811.11

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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An example of an opportunity cost that is also an implicit cost is


A) a lease payment.
B) the cost of raw materials.
C) the value of the business owner's time.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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A firm produces 300 units of output at a total cost of $1,000.If fixed costs are $100,


A) average fixed cost is $10.
B) average variable cost is $3.
C) average total cost is $4.
D) average total cost is $5.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Table 13-12 Betty's Bakery Table 13-12 Betty's Bakery    -Refer to Table 13-12.What is the variable cost of producing 8 cakes at Betty's Bakery? A)  $120 B)  $140 C)  $155 D)  $160 -Refer to Table 13-12.What is the variable cost of producing 8 cakes at Betty's Bakery?


A) $120
B) $140
C) $155
D) $160

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Table 13-10 Eileen's Elegant Earrings produces pairs of earrings for its mail order catalogue business. Each pair is shipped in a separate box. She rents a small room for $150 a week in the downtown business district that serves as her factory. She can hire workers for $275 a week. There are no implicit costs. Table 13-10 Eileen's Elegant Earrings produces pairs of earrings for its mail order catalogue business. Each pair is shipped in a separate box. She rents a small room for $150 a week in the downtown business district that serves as her factory. She can hire workers for $275 a week. There are no implicit costs.    -Refer to Table 13-10.One week,Eileen earns a profit of $125.If her revenue for the week is $1100,how many boxes of earrings did she produce? A)  140 B)  330 C)  780 D)  950 -Refer to Table 13-10.One week,Eileen earns a profit of $125.If her revenue for the week is $1100,how many boxes of earrings did she produce?


A) 140
B) 330
C) 780
D) 950

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Suppose Jan started up a small lemonade stand business last month.Variable costs for Jan's lemonade stand now include the cost of


A) lemons and sugar.
B) paper cups.
C) the wages paid to her hourly workers.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Table 13-13 Table 13-13    -Refer to Table 13-13.What is variable cost when output equals 30 units? A)  $4 B)  $40 C)  $90 D)  $130 -Refer to Table 13-13.What is variable cost when output equals 30 units?


A) $4
B) $40
C) $90
D) $130

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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When a firm experiences diseconomies of scale,


A) short-run average total cost is minimized.
B) long-run average total cost is minimized.
C) long-run average total cost increases as output increases.
D) long-run average total cost decreases as output increases.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Wiladee used to work as an office manager,earning $25,000 per year.She gave up that job to start a tailoring business.In calculating the economic profit of her tailoring business,the $25,000 income that she gave up is counted as part of the tailoring firm's


A) total revenue.
B) opportunity costs.
C) explicit costs.
D) marginal costs.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory    -Refer to Table 13-6.The Wooden Chair Factory experiences diminishing marginal product of labor with the addition of which worker? A)  the third worker B)  the fourth worker C)  the fifth worker D)  the sixth worker -Refer to Table 13-6.The Wooden Chair Factory experiences diminishing marginal product of labor with the addition of which worker?


A) the third worker
B) the fourth worker
C) the fifth worker
D) the sixth worker

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A firm's opportunity costs of production are equal to its


A) explicit costs only.
B) implicit costs only.
C) explicit costs + implicit costs.
D) explicit costs + implicit costs + total revenue.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Brady Industries has average variable costs of $1 and average total costs of $3 when it produces 500 units of output.The firm's total fixed costs equal


A) $2.
B) $4.
C) $1,000.
D) $2,000.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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A production function is a relationship between inputs and


A) quantity of output.
B) revenue.
C) costs.
D) profit.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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The marginal product of labor is equal to the


A) incremental cost associated with a one unit increase in labor.
B) incremental profit associated with a one unit increase in labor.
C) increase in labor necessary to generate a one unit increase in output.
D) increase in output obtained from a one unit increase in labor.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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The long-run average total cost curve is always


A) flatter than the short-run average total cost curve, but not necessarily horizontal.
B) horizontal.
C) falling as output increases.
D) rising as output increases.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Table 13-10 Eileen's Elegant Earrings produces pairs of earrings for its mail order catalogue business. Each pair is shipped in a separate box. She rents a small room for $150 a week in the downtown business district that serves as her factory. She can hire workers for $275 a week. There are no implicit costs. Table 13-10 Eileen's Elegant Earrings produces pairs of earrings for its mail order catalogue business. Each pair is shipped in a separate box. She rents a small room for $150 a week in the downtown business district that serves as her factory. She can hire workers for $275 a week. There are no implicit costs.    -Refer to Table 13-10.What is the total cost associated with making 890 boxes of earrings per week? A)  $1,250 B)  $1,325 C)  $1,400 D)  $1,575 -Refer to Table 13-10.What is the total cost associated with making 890 boxes of earrings per week?


A) $1,250
B) $1,325
C) $1,400
D) $1,575

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory    -Refer to Table 13-6.Each worker at the Wooden Chair Factory costs $12 per hour.The cost of each machine is $20 per day regardless of the number of chairs produced.Assume the number of machines does not change.If the factory produces at a rate of 78 chairs per hour,what is the total machine cost per day? A)  $20 B)  $40 C)  $240 D)  We are unable to determine total machine costs from the information given. -Refer to Table 13-6.Each worker at the Wooden Chair Factory costs $12 per hour.The cost of each machine is $20 per day regardless of the number of chairs produced.Assume the number of machines does not change.If the factory produces at a rate of 78 chairs per hour,what is the total machine cost per day?


A) $20
B) $40
C) $240
D) We are unable to determine total machine costs from the information given.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The amount of money that a firm receives from the sale of its output is called


A) total gross profit.
B) total net profit.
C) total revenue.
D) net revenue.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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