Question 1

Descriptive methods,such as case studies,are useful when researchers are:

Accepted Answer

A)  not certain what it is they are studying.
B)  not able to conduct an experiment.
C)  not able to make appropriate observations.
D)  not able to make predictions.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Compare the advantages and the disadvantages of conducting a laboratory observation.What are the advantages and disadvantages of conducting an experiment? Describe a topic that you believe would be most effectively studied by laboratory observation rather than by an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following...

Question 3

Case studies are most commonly used by clinicians.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Reliability in tests means that the test:

Accepted Answer

A)  is unbiased.
B)  is fair.
C)  actually measures what it is supposed to measure.
D)  produces the same results from one time and place to the next.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Match these descriptions with the appropriate research method.
-A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated.

Accepted Answer

A)  survey
B)  case study
C)  experiment
D)  observational Study
E)  correlationF) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypotheses are derived from theories,which,in turn,lead to testable predictions.
B)  Testable predictions derive from theories based on a set of hypotheses.
C)  Predictions are derived from theories,which lead to a set of hypotheses.
D)  Theories derive from hypotheses based on a set of predictions.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

The Tri-Council and CPA's ethical guidelines require researchers to show that any deceptive procedures are justified by a study's potential value.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following correlations is the strongest?

Accepted Answer

A)  -0.8
B)  +0.5
C)  -0.1
D)  +0.7E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Confirmation bias is the tendency to look for information that supports one's beliefs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

When two variables have a strong negative correlation,the correlation coefficient will be close to:

Accepted Answer

A)  -10.
B)  +1.
C)  0.
D)  -1.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Control groups are important in experimental studies and in nonexperimental studies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

When two variables are correlated,it is easy to assume that if "A" predicts "B," then "A" must be causing "B." Explain why this is not necessarily so,using this example: The higher a male monkey's level of the hormone testosterone,the more aggressive he is likely to be.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following...

Question 13

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Effect size can be small even with statistically significant results.
B)  Meta-analysis can reveal trends and effect size.
C)  Scientific breakthroughs are typically based on a single,well-designed study.
D)  Scientific progress typically occurs gradually.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 14

A theory is an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

An ideal scientist should:

Accepted Answer

A)  not express skepticism of new ideas.
B)  rely on scientific intuition.
C)  not support falsifiable theories.
D)  be willing to make "risky predictions."E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Replication relies upon a scientist's:

Accepted Answer

A)  openness.
B)  skepticism.
C)  reliance on empirical evidence.
D)  precision.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

An operational definition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a statement that attempts to predict a set of phenomena,and specifies relationships among variables that can be empirically tested.
B)  an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships.
C)  the principle that a scientific theory must make predications that are specific enough to expose the theory to the possibility of disconfirmation.
D)  the precise meaning of a term,which specifies the operations for observing and measuring the process or phenomenon being investigated.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Dr.Benjamin Rush treated yellow fever by bloodletting.He attributed each recovery to the bloodletting and each death to the severity of the yellow fever.What rule of science did he violate?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the...

Question 19

A sample's representativeness is less critical than its size.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The standard deviation is an average that is calculated by adding up a set of quantities and dividing the sum by the total number of quantities in the set.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

When two variables have a strong negative correlation,the correlation coefficient will be close to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Tri-Council and CPA's ethical guidelines require researchers to show that any deceptive procedures are justified by a study's potential value.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An operational definition is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare the advantages and the disadvantages of conducting a laboratory observation.What are the advantages and disadvantages of conducting an experiment? Describe a topic that you believe would be most effectively studied by laboratory observation rather than by an experiment.

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the following...View AnswerShow Answer

A sample's representativeness is less critical than its size.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Control groups are important in experimental studies and in nonexperimental studies.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reliability in tests means that the test:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The standard deviation is an average that is calculated by adding up a set of quantities and dividing the sum by the total number of quantities in the set.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following correlations is the strongest?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Descriptive methods,such as case studies,are useful when researchers are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Replication relies upon a scientist's:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Confirmation bias is the tendency to look for information that supports one's beliefs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match these descriptions with the appropriate research method. -A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An ideal scientist should:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Case studies are most commonly used by clinicians.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A theory is an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Benjamin Rush treated yellow fever by bloodletting.He attributed each recovery to the bloodletting and each death to the severity of the yellow fever.What rule of science did he violate?

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the...View AnswerShow Answer

When two variables are correlated,it is easy to assume that if "A" predicts "B," then "A" must be causing "B." Explain why this is not necessarily so,using this example: The higher a male monkey's level of the hormone testosterone,the more aggressive he is likely to be.

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the following...View AnswerShow Answer

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A good answer will include the following...
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A good answer will include the...
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Correct Answer
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A good answer will include the following...
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